Isishwankathelo se-TL;DR

Iinkqubo ze-intercom zevidiyo ezineentambo ezimbini zithumela ividiyo, iaudio, kunye namandla ngentambo enye ejijekileyo, zibonelela ngofakelo olulula xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zentambo ezininzi. Iingenelo eziphambili ziquka iindleko eziphantsi zokufaka iintambo (ezingaphantsi ngama-40% kuneenkqubo zemveli), ukulungiswa okulula kwezakhiwo ezikhoyo, kunye nokuhambelana neziseko zophuhliso zakudala. Imida ibandakanya imida yomgama (ngesiqhelo yi-100-150 yeemitha), umgangatho wevidiyo ophantsi xa kuthelekiswaIinkqubo ze-IP, kunye nokukhula okulinganiselweyo.

Intshayelelo: Ukuqonda iTekhnoloji ye-Intercom yevidiyo ye-2-Wire

Inkqubo ye-intercom yevidiyo eneengcingo ezimbini imele uyilo lonxibelelwano oludibanisa ukuhanjiswa kwevidiyo, iaudio kunye namandla kwintambo enye ejijekileyo. Le teknoloji ivala umsantsa phakathi kweenkqubo ze-analog zemveli kunye nezisombululo zanamhlanje ezisekelwe kwi-IP.

Ngokutsho kweConsumer Technology Association (CTA), iinkqubo ezisebenzisa iingcingo ezimbini zithatha i-28% yemarike ye-intercom yokuhlala, exabisa i-$3.2 yeebhiliyoni kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2026.

Le teknoloji isebenzisa ukucutshungulwa kwemiqondiso yedijithali ukuze idibanise imijelo yedatha emininzi kwiikhontraktha ezimbini. Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zendabuko ze-4-wire okanye ze-6-wire ezifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zevidiyo, iaudio, amandla, kunye nezibonakaliso zolawulo, iinkqubo ze-2-wire zisebenzisa i-frequency division multiplexing okanye i-digital encoding ukudibanisa le misebenzi.

Iingenelo zeNkqubo ze-Intercom zeVidiyo ezineeNtambo ezimbini

Ukufakwa okulula kunye neendleko zomsebenzi ezincitshisiweyo

Ubunzima bokufakelwa buyancipha kakhulu ngeenkqubo ze-2-wire. I-National Electrical Contractor Association (NECA) iqikelela ukonga kwabasebenzi nge-35-45% xa kuthelekiswa nokufakelwa kwe-multi-wire.

Iingcali zombane zithutha intambo enye ukusuka kwiyunithi ephakathi ukuya kwisikhululo ngasinye, nto leyo enciphisa iimfuno zombhobho kunye nokungena kodonga.

Ukuhambelana neZiseko ezikhoyo

Iinkqubo ezininzi ezineentambo ezimbini zisebenzisa intambo yefowuni eqhelekileyo (iCat3) okanye iintambo ezijijekileyo ezifumaneka rhoqo kwizakhiwo ezakhiwe emva kowe-1980. Oku kuhambelana kususa isidingo sokufakelwa iintambo ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokuhlaziywa.

Ezi nkqubo zihlala zisebenza nezitishi zeengcango ezikhoyo kunye neemonitha zangaphakathi, zigcina utyalo-mali kwizixhobo zakudala.

Ukonga iindleko zoFakelo oluncinci ukuya koluphakathi

Iindleko zezinto eziphathekayo kwiinkqubo ezineentambo ezimbini ziphakathi kwe-$0.80-1.20 ngenyawo xa kuthelekiswa ne-$1.50-2.50 kwiintambo ze-coaxial ezikhuselweyo okanye ze-Ethernet.

Kwisakhiwo seeflethi esineeyunithi ezingama-50, lo mahluko uguqulela kwi-$2,000-3,500 kwimali yokonga iintambo zombane kuphela. Xa zidityaniswe neeyure zomsebenzi ezincitshisiweyo, iindleko zokufakela zizonke ziyancipha nge-30-40% xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela ezisekelwe kwi-IP ezifanayo.

Imida kunye nezinto eziqwalaselwayo

Imida kunye neMiqathango yoMgangatho weSignali

Iinkqubo ezineentambo ezimbini zijongene nemida yomgama. Ubuninzi bokusebenzisa iintambo buhlala buqala kwi-100 ukuya kwi-150 yeemitha kuxhomekeke kwigeyiji yentambo kunye neenkcukacha zenkqubo.

Ngaphaya kwale migama, ukonakala kwesiginali kuchaphazela umgangatho wevidiyo kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo. Umgangatho we-TIA-568 ubonelela ngezikhokelo zokukhetha intambo ukunciphisa ukuncitshiswa komgama.

Imida yesisombululo sevidiyo

Imida ye-bandwidth kwiinkqubo ezineentambo ezimbini ithintela isisombululo sevidiyo ukuya kwi-480p-720p kuninzi lweenkqubo. Nangona zanele ukuchongwa kwendwendwe ngokusisiseko, ezi zisombululo azifikeleli kwizakhono ze-1080p okanye ze-4K ezinikezelwa ziinkqubo ezisekwe kwi-IP.

Ukuqaphela ubuso kunye nokubamba iipleyiti zelayisensi kufuna ukukhanya okuphezulu okungafumanekiyo ngetekhnoloji eqhelekileyo ye-2-wire.

Imingeni yokukhula kunye nokudibanisa

Ukwandiswa ngaphaya kokubalwa kweeyunithi ezichazwe ngumvelisi kufuna ukutshintshwa kwenkqubo endaweni yokuphuculwa kancinci. Ukuhlanganiswa nolawulo lokufikelela lomntu wesithathu, i-CCTV, okanye iinkqubo zolawulo lwezakhiwo kuhlala kulinganiselwe xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela ezisekelwe kwi-IP ezisebenzisa iiprotokholi ezisemgangathweni ezifana ne-ONVIF okanye i-SIP.

Uthelekiso lobuchwephesha: Iinkqubo ze-Intercom zeVidiyo ze-2-Wire vs IP

Ufakelo lweendlela ezilungileyo zokusebenzisa ii-intercom zevidiyo ezineentambo ezimbini

Ukukhethwa kweNtambo kunye neeMfuno zeGauge

Khetha intambo yesibini ejijekileyo ye-18-22 AWG xa ubaleka ngaphantsi kweemitha ezili-100. Kwimigama esondela kwiimitha ezili-150, sebenzisa i-16 AWG ukunciphisa ukwehla kwevolthi.

Intambo ekhuselweyo inciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kwiindawo ezisebenzisa izibane ze-fluorescent okanye izixhobo zeemoto. Inqaku le-NEC 725 libonelela ngeemfuno zekhowudi zeesekethe ezilinganiselweyo zamandla zeKlasi yesi-2 ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwizicelo ze-intercom.

Izinto eziqwalaselwayo malunga nePolarity kunye nokuphela kwayo

Gcina i-polarity ihambelanayo kulo lonke ixesha lokufakelwa. Ukubuyisela umva ii-conductors nangaliphi na ixesha kuthintela ukusebenza kwenkqubo.

Sebenzisa intambo enemibala (ngesiqhelo ebomvu/mnyama okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/mhlophe) ukuqinisekisa ukuchonga okufanelekileyo. Cima uqhagamshelo usebenzisa izihlanganisi ezichazwe ngumvelisi okanye iibhloko zesiphelo ezilinganiswe kwigeyiji yocingo.

Ukubalwa kokunikezelwa kwamandla kunye nokuwa kweVoltage

Bala ukuhla kwe-voltage usebenzisa ifomula:

VD = (2 x L x I x R) / 1000

Apho:

• L = ubude bentambo ngeenyawo
• I = yangoku kwi-amperes
• R = ukumelana nentambo ngeenyawo ezili-1000

Gcina i-voltage kwisikhululo ngaphakathi kwe-10% yenkcazelo elinganisiweyo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Ngaba ndingayiphucula ukusuka kwi-analog ukuya kwi-2-wire ngaphandle kokutshintsha zonke iintambo?

Ewe, iinkqubo ezineentambo ezimbini zihlala zisebenzisa iingcingo zefowuni okanye ze-intercom ezikhoyo. Qinisekisa imeko yentambo kunye nokuhambelana kwegeyiji phambi kokuba uqhubeke. Iinkqubo ezisebenzisa iCat3 okanye intambo yesibini esijijekileyo efakwe emva kowe-1990 zihlala zixhasa ubuchwepheshe beentambo ezimbini ngaphandle kokudibanisa kwakhona.

Lithini inani eliphezulu lezikhululo ezixhaswayo?

Umthamo uyahluka ngokwendlela yomenzi kunye noyilo lwenkqubo. Iinkqubo zokungena zixhasa izitishi ezi-8-16. Iinkqubo zodidi lobungcali zithwala iiyunithi ezingama-50-100. Ukugqithisa iinkcukacha zomenzi kubangela iimpazamo zonxibelelwano kunye nomgangatho wevidiyo ophantsi.

Ngaba iinkqubo ze-2-wire ziyayixhasa ividiyo erekhodwayo?

Ezinye iinkqubo ezineentambo ezimbini ziquka izithuba zekhadi le-SD zokurekhoda kwindawo ethile kwisikhululo esikhulu. Amandla okurekhoda ilifu afuna iinkqubo ezineemodyuli zonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi. Ukurekhoda okuqhubekayo kuchaphazela i-bandwidth yenkqubo kwaye kunokunciphisa umgangatho wevidiyo ngexesha langempela.

Ngaba ii-intercom ezineentambo ezimbini zingadibana nezihluthulelo zomnyango zombane?

Uninzi lweemonitha zangaphakathi ezineengcingo ezimbini ziquka iziphumo zokudlulisa ucango. Qhagamshela izixhobo zombane okanye izitshixo zemagnethi usebenzisa izixhobo zombane ezahlukeneyo ezinobukhulu bokutsalwa kwamandla esixhobo sokutshixa. Qinisekisa ukuhambelana kwevolthi (ngesiqhelo yi-12VDC okanye yi-24VDC).

Ndingazilungisa njani iingxaki zomgangatho wevidiyo?

Jonga umgama wokufakwa kwentambo. Linganisa i-voltage kwisikhululo ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kombane okwaneleyo. Hlola uqhagamshelo ukuba alunamhlwa okanye alunamthungo. Yahlula iintambo ze-intercom kwiintambo ze-voltage ephezulu ubuncinane ngee-intshi ezili-12 ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka.

Isiphelo: Ukukhetha iTekhnoloji eLungileyo

Iinkqubo ze-intercom zevidiyo ezineentambo ezimbini zibonelela ngezisombululo ezisebenzayo zokufakelwa kweendawo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo ezincinci apho ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nokufakelwa okulula kungaphezulu kweemfuno eziphambili zeempawu.

Le teknoloji igqwesile kwizicelo zokulungisa izinto kunye neendawo ezihlala kuzo kunye neziseko ze-twisted pair ezikhoyo. Ukuqonda imida kwenza kube lula ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi xa kuthelekiswa ezinye iindlela ze-2-wire kuneenkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-IP.

Ukulungele ukuphucula inkqubo yakho ye-intercom?Hlola zethuIzisombululo ze-intercom yevidiyo ye-IP ezineentambo ezimbini or nxibelelana neengcali zethuukuze ufumane ingcebiso yasimahla.