Ii-Intercom zoMnyango ezinokukhutshwa koMnyango: Iingozi ezifihlakeleyo kunye nezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo

Kwixesha apho ubuchwepheshe bekhaya elikrelekrele buthembisa ukuhlala ubomi obungenamthungo, ii-intercom zomnyango ezikhupha iingcango ziye zaba yinto eqhelekileyo kwiiflethi, ii-townhomes, kunye neendawo ezivalelweyo kwihlabathi liphela. Zithengiswa njengomxube wobulula kunye nokhuseleko—okuvumela abemi ukuba baqinisekise iindwendwe kwaye bavule iingcango bekude—ezi nkqubo zihlala zibonwa njengophuculo olubalulekileyo kubomi banamhlanje.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphantsi kobume babo obuhle kunye neempawu ezigcina ixesha kukho uthotho lobuthathaka bokhuseleko obukhulayo obubeka amakhaya esichengeni sokwebiwa, ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga, ukwaphulwa kobumfihlo, kwanokwenzakala emzimbeni. Njengoko ukwamkelwa kwekhaya kusanda, kubalulekile ukuba abanini bezindlu, abaphathi bepropathi, kunye neengcali zokhuseleko baziqonde ezi ngozi kwaye bathathe amanyathelo okuqala.

1. I-Firmware Ephelelwe Yixesha: Isango Elithuleyo Labaphangi

Enye yezona ngxaki zingananzwayo kwiinkqubo ze-intercom zomnyango yi-firmware endala, ehlala iyinto ephambili ekujoliswe kuyo ngabaphuli-mthetho be-intanethi. Ngokungafaniyo neefowuni eziphathwayo okanye iilaptops ezitshintsha rhoqo, iinkqubo ezininzi ze-intercom—ingakumbi iimodeli ezindala—azinazo iipetshi ezizenzekelayo. Abavelisi badla ngokuyeka ukuhlaziya emva kweminyaka emi-2-3 kuphela, beshiya izixhobo zibonakala zineziphene zokhuseleko ezingalungiswanga.

Abaphangi basebenzisa ezi zikhewu ngokuhlasela ngamandla okanye ngokusebenzisa iiprotokholi ezindala ezifana noqhagamshelo lwe-HTTP olungabhaliswanga. Ngo-2023, inkampani yokhuseleko lwe-cyber yafumanisa isiphene esibalulekileyo kwibhrendi edumileyo ye-intercom eyavumela abahlaseli ukuba bangayigqibi ngokupheleleyo i-authentication ngokuthumela izicelo zenethiwekhi ezilungisiweyo. Bakuba bengaphakathi, banokuvula ucango kude kwaye bangene kwizakhiwo bengabonwanga.

Abaphathi bepropathi badla ngokwenza oku kube mandundu ngokulibazisa uhlaziyo ngenxa yenkxalabo yeendleko okanye uloyiko "lwabahlali abaphazamisayo." Uphando olwenziwe yi-International Association of Property Managers lufumanise ukuba ama-62% eendawo zokuqeshisa ziyalibazisa uhlaziyo, ziguqula ii-intercom ngokungazi zibe zizimemo ezivulekileyo zabantu abangena ngenkani.

2. Ukuqinisekiswa Okubuthathaka: Xa i-“Password123” Iba Ngumngcipheko Wokhuseleko

Kwanezixhobo ze-intercom eziphambili kakhulu zikhuselekile kuphela xa zisetyenziswa njengeenkqubo zazo zokuqinisekisa ubunyani—kwaye ezininzi aziphumeleli. Uphononongo luka-2024 lweempawu ze-intercom eziphambili ezingama-50 lutyhile ukuba:

• Ama-78% avumela amagama ayimfihlo abuthathaka angaphantsi koonobumba abasi-8.

• Ama-43% awanazo iindlela ezimbini zokuqinisekisa ukufikelela kwi-intanethi (2FA).

• Iimodeli ezininzi ezingabizi kakhulu zithunyelwa ngee-logins ezizenzekelayo ezifana ne-“admin123” okanye inombolo ye-serial yesixhobo.

Olu buthathaka lubangele ukwanda kokungena kwabantu ngamathuba. EChicago kuphela, amapolisa abike iziganeko ezingama-47 ngo-2023 apho amasela asebenzise amagama ayimfihlo angagqibekanga okanye abuthathaka ukuze angene kwiindawo zokungena aze abe iipakethe. Kwezinye iimeko, amasela afumana iiyunithi ezininzi ngobusuku obunye ngokuqikelela amagama ayimfihlo aqhelekileyo abahlali afana no-“123456” okanye idilesi yesakhiwo.

Umngcipheko ufikelela nakwii-apps zeselfowuni. Ii-apps ezininzi ze-intercom zigcina iziqinisekiso zakho kwi-smartphones. Ukuba ifowuni ilahlekile okanye ibiwe, nabani na onesixhobo angangena ngokucofa kube kanye—akukho mfuneko yokuqinisekisa.

3. Ukuphazamisana Nezinto Eziphathekayo: Ukusebenzisa Kakubi Izinto Eziphathekayo Kwizixhobo

Nangona iingozi zokhuseleko lwe-intanethi zilawula iindaba eziphambili, ukuphazanyiswa ngokwasemzimbeni kuseyindlela eqhelekileyo yokuhlasela. Ii-intercom ezininzi zinezintambo eziveziweyo okanye ii-faceplates ezisuswayo ezinokuguqulwa ukuze zidlule indlela yokutshixa.

Umzekelo, ii-intercom ezixhomekeke kwiiswitshi ezilula ze-relay zinokoyiswa nge-screwdriver kunye ne-paperclip ngemizuzwana embalwa—akukho lwazi luphambili lufunekayo. Ii-Vandals zikwajolise kwi-hardware ngokucima iikhamera okanye ii-microphone, zithintela abemi ekuqinisekiseni ngokubonakalayo iindwendwe.

KwiSixeko saseNew York, ama-31% ezakhiwo zokuhlala axele ukuba zonakaliswe yi-intercom ngo-2023, nto leyo ebiza abaphathi bepropathi imali ephakathi kwe-$800 ngokulungiswa ngakunye kwaye ishiya abaqeshi bengenalo ulawulo olusebenzayo lokungena kangangeeveki.

4. Iingozi Zabucala: Xa ii-Intercom Zihlola Abanini bazo

Ngaphandle kokungena ngaphandle kwemvume, ii-intercom ezininzi ziphakamisa iinkxalabo ezinkulu zobumfihlo. Iimodeli ezingabizi kakhulu zihlala zingenazo iindlela zokubethela eziqala ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imijelo yevidiyo neyesandi ithintelwe.

Ngowama-2022, umenzi omkhulu we-intercom wajongana namatyala emva kokuba abaphangi bengene kwiiseva zabo ezingabhalwanga, bevuza iividiyo ezivela kumakhaya angaphezu kwe-10,000. Imifanekiso yayiquka abemi bephethe ukutya, bengena emakhayeni abo, okanye benxibelelana namalungu osapho.

Nokuba sele ifihliwe, ezinye iinkqubo zabelana ngedatha yomsebenzisi ngokuzolileyo neenkampani zohlalutyo zamaqela esithathu. Uphando lwe-Consumer Reports luka-2023 lufumanise ukuba ii-apps ze-intercom ezili-19 kwezingama-25 ziqokelele ulwazi oluyimfihlo olufana nedatha yendawo, ii-ID zesixhobo, kunye neendlela zokufikelela—ngokufuthi ngaphandle kwemvume ecacileyo yomsebenzisi. Oku kuphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokubeka esweni kunye nokwenza imali ngedatha kwiindawo zokuhlala.

Indlela Yokukhusela Ikhaya Lakho: Amanyathelo Asebenzayo Kubahlali Nabaphathi Bepropathi

Iingozi zee-intercom zomnyango ezikhutshwayo ziyinyani—kodwa ziyalawuleka. Abahlali kunye nabaphathi bezakhiwo banokuthatha amanyathelo okukhawulezisa:

1. Beka phambili uhlaziyo lweFirmware

   • Abemi: Jonga iwebhusayithi ye-intercom yakho okanye yomenzi wayo nyanga nganye.

   • Abaphathi bepropathi: Cwangcisa uhlaziyo lwekota okanye usebenzisane neenkampani zokhuseleko ukuze kulungiswe izinto ngokuzenzekelayo.

2. Qinisa uQinisekiso

   • Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo angaphezu kwe-12 aneempawu ezixutyiweyo.

   • Vula i-2FA apho ifumaneka khona.

   • Seta kwakhona ukungena okuzenzekelayo kwangoko emva kokufakwa.

3. Izixhobo Ezikhuselekileyo Eziphathekayo

   • Yongeza iipleyiti zobuso ezingenakuphazanyiswa.

   • Fihla okanye ukhusele iingcingo ezivezwe ngaphandle.

   • Cinga ngezitshixo zesibini kwiipropati ezinobungozi obukhulu.

4. Khetha iiNkqubo ezigxile kuBucala

   • Khetha abathengisi abanemigaqo-nkqubo yokubethela ecacileyo.

   • Ziphephe iinkqubo ezabelana ngedatha yomsebenzisi nabantu besithathu ngaphandle kwemvume.

Isiphelo: Ukukhululeka akufuneki kubeke ecaleni ukhuseleko

Ii-intercom zomnyango ezinokukhululwa komnyango zitshintshe indlela yokuhlala yokuhlala ngokudibanisa ukulula nolawulo lokufikelela. Sekunjalo ubuthathaka bazo—i-firmware endala, ukuqinisekiswa okubuthathaka, ukuphazamiseka ngokomzimba, kunye nemingcipheko yobumfihlo bedatha—zingqina ukuba ukulula kodwa akwanelanga.

Kubemi, ukuqaphela kuthetha ukuhlaziya useto, ukufumana iziqinisekiso, kunye nokuxela izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Kubaphathi bepropathi, ukutyala imali kwiinkqubo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu nezigcinwa rhoqo akuyondleko nje kuphela—yinto efunekayo.

Ekugqibeleni, ukhuseleko lwezindlu zanamhlanje kufuneka lubeke phambili kokubini ukulula kunye nokuqina. Zona kanye iinkqubo esizithembayo zokukhusela amakhaya ethu akufuneki zibe yikhonkco elibuthathaka eliwabeka emngciphekweni.