Ii-Intercom ze-IP zangaphandle ezikhuselekileyo: Indlela yokususa ii-Cyber ​​​​Backdoors kunye nokukhusela iNethiwekhi yakho

Njengoko ii-intercom ze-IP zangaphandle zithatha indawo yeenkqubo ze-analog zemveli ngokukhawuleza, zichaza ngokutsha indlela esilawula ngayo ulawulo lokufikelela kunye nokhuseleko lomnyango wangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokulula kokufikelela kude kunye nokunxibelelana kwelifu kukho umngcipheko okhulayo nongathathelwa ngqalelo rhoqo kwi-cyber. Ngaphandle kokhuseleko olufanelekileyo, i-intercom ye-IP yangaphandle inokuba ngumnyango wangasemva ofihliweyo kwinethiwekhi yakho yonke.

Ukukhula Okukhawulezileyo Kweenkqubo Ze-IP Intercom Zangaphandle

Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwii-intercom zevidiyo ezisekelwe kwi-analog ukuya kwi-IP akusekho ukhetho—kwenzeka kuyo yonke indawo. Oko kwakukade kuyi-buzzer elula eqhagamshelwe ngeengcingo zobhedu kuye kwaguquka kwaba yi-intercom ye-IP yangaphandle edityaniswe ngokupheleleyo eqhuba inkqubo yokusebenza efakwe ngaphakathi, edla ngokuba yi-Linux. Ezi zixhobo zidlulisela ilizwi, ividiyo, kunye nemiqondiso yokulawula njengeepakethi zedatha, zisebenza ngempumelelo njengeekhompyutha eziqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi ezixhonywe eludongeni lwangaphandle.

Kutheni ii-IP Intercoms Zikho Kuyo Yonke Indawo

Kulula ukuyiqonda le nto inomtsalane. Iinkqubo ze-intercom zevidiyo zanamhlanje zangaphandle zibonelela ngeempawu eziphucula kakhulu ukulula kunye nolawulo:

• Ukufikelela kwiselula okude kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba baphendule iingcango bevela naphi na ngee-apps ze-smartphone

• Indawo yokugcina ividiyo esekwe kwilifu igcina iirekhodi zeendwendwe ezineenkcukacha zifumaneka xa zifunwa

• Ukuhlanganiswa okukrelekrele kudibanisa ii-intercoms kunye nokukhanyisa, ulawulo lokufikelela, kunye neenkqubo zokwakha ezizenzekelayo

Kodwa olu ncedo luza notshintsho. Zonke izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi ezibekwe ngaphandle ziyandisa ukuvezwa kobuthathaka bokhuseleko lwe-IoT.

Umngcipheko weCyber ​​​​Backdoor: Yintoni uninzi lwezinto ezilahlekileyo kwiifakelo

I-intercom yangaphandle ye-IP idla ngokufakelwa ngaphandle kwe-firewall ebonakalayo, kodwa iqhagamshelwe ngqo kwinethiwekhi yangaphakathi. Oku kuyenza ibe yenye yezona ndawo zinomtsalane zokuhlasela izigebenga ze-intanethi.

Ukufikelela kwiNethiwekhi ebonakalayo ngeePorts ze-Ethernet eziveziweyo

Ufakelo oluninzi lushiya iiports ze-Ethernet zibonakala ngokupheleleyo ngasemva kwephaneli ye-intercom. Ukuba i-faceplate isusiwe, umhlaseli angenza oku kulandelayo:

• Faka ngqo kwintambo yenethiwekhi ephilayo

• Izixhobo zokhuseleko ze-Bypass perimeter

• Qalisa ukuskena kwangaphakathi ngaphandle kokungena kwisakhiwo

Ngaphandle kokhuseleko lwezibuko le-Ethernet (802.1x), olu “hlaselo lwendawo yokupaka” luba lula ngendlela eyingozi.

I-SIP Traffic engabhalwanga kunye nohlaselo lomntu ophakathi

Ii-intercom ze-IP zangaphandle ezingabizi kakhulu okanye eziphelelwe lixesha zihlala zithumela iaudio kunye nevidiyo zisebenzisa iiprotocol ze-SIP ezingabhalwanga. Oku kuvula ucango ku:

• Ukumamela iincoko zabucala

• Dlala kwakhona uhlaselo olusebenzisa kwakhona imiqondiso yokuvula

• Ukuthintela ulwazi ngexesha lokuseta umnxeba

Ukusebenzisa i-SIP encryption usebenzisa i-TLS kunye ne-SRTP akusekho mfuneko—kubalulekile.

Ukuxhatshazwa kweBotnet kunye nokuThatha inxaxheba kwi-DDoS

Ii-intercom ezingakhuselekanga kakuhle zezona zinto ziphambili kwiibhotnets ze-IoT ezifana neMirai. Nje ukuba zichaphazeleke, esi sixhobo singenza oku kulandelayo:

• Thatha inxaxheba kuhlaselo olukhulu lwe-DDoS

• Sebenzisa i-bandwidth kwaye ucothise inethiwekhi yakho

• Yenza ukuba i-IP yakho kawonkewonke ibekwe kuluhlu lwabantu abamnyama

Oku kwenza ukunciphisa i-botnet ye-DDoS kube yinto ebalulekileyo ekuqwalaselweni kwayo nayiphi na i-intercom ye-IP yangaphandle.

Iimpazamo zoKhuseleko oluQhelekileyo kwi-IP Intercom Deployments yangaphandle

Kwanezixhobo zeprimiyamu ziba yingozi xa iindlela ezisisiseko zokhuseleko lwe-intanethi zinganakwa.

Amagama agqithisiweyo amiselweyo kunye neeMpawu zoQhagamshelo lweFektri

Ukushiya iziqinisekiso zasefektri zingatshintshanga yenye yeendlela ezikhawulezayo zokulahlekelwa lulawulo lwesixhobo. Iirobhothi ezizenzekelayo zihlala ziskena ukungena okuzenzekelayo, oko kubeka iinkqubo emngciphekweni kwimizuzu embalwa emva kokufakwa.

Akukho Ulwahlulo lweNethiwekhi

Xa ii-intercom zabelana ngenethiwekhi efanayo nezixhobo zomntu okanye iiseva zeshishini, abahlaseli bafumana amathuba okuhamba ecaleni. Ngaphandle kokwahlulwahlulwa kwenethiwekhi yezixhobo zokhuseleko, ukuqhekeka emnyango wangaphambili kunokukhula kube yingxaki epheleleyo yenethiwekhi.

I-Firmware yakudala kunye nokungahoywa kwePatch

Ii-intercom ezininzi zangaphandle zisebenza iminyaka ngaphandle kohlaziyo lwe-firmware. Le ndlela "yokuseta-kwaye-ulibale" ishiya ubuthathaka obaziwayo bungalungiswanga kwaye bunokusetyenziswa lula.

Ukuxhomekeka kwiLifu Ngaphandle kweZikhuselo

Amaqonga e-intercom asekelwe kwilifu azisa iingozi ezongezelelweyo:

• Ukwaphulwa kwemithetho yeseva kunokuveza iinkcukacha kunye nedatha yevidiyo

• Ii-API ezibuthathaka zinokuvuza iividiyo ezibukhoma

• Ukucima kwe-intanethi kunokuphazamisa ukusebenza kolawulo lokufikelela

Iindlela ezilungileyo zokukhusela ii-intercom ze-IP zangaphandle

Ukuthintela ii-intercom zangaphandle ze-IP ukuba zingabi zii-cyber backdoors, kufuneka zikhuseleke njengayo nayiphi na enye indawo yokufikelela kwinethiwekhi.

Hlukanisa ii-Intercom usebenzisa ii-VLAN

Ukubeka ii-intercom kwi-VLAN ezinikeleyo kunciphisa umonakalo nokuba isixhobo sichaphazelekile. Abahlaseli abanakukwazi ukufudukela kwiinkqubo ezinobuthathaka ecaleni.

Sebenzisa uQinisekiso lwe-802.1x

Ngokuqinisekiswa kwezibuko ezingama-802.1x, zizixhobo ze-intercom ezigunyazisiweyo kuphela ezinokuqhagamshela kwinethiwekhi. Iilaptops ezingagunyaziswanga okanye izixhobo ezingasebenzi kakuhle ziyavalwa ngokuzenzekelayo.

Nika amandla ukubethela okupheleleyo

• I-TLS yokubonisa i-SIP

• I-SRTP yemisitho yeaudio kunye nevidiyo

• I-HTTPS yoqwalaselo olusekelwe kwiwebhu

Ukubethela kuqinisekisa ukuba idatha efunyenweyo ayifundeki kwaye ingasetyenziswa.

Yongeza Ukufunyanwa Kokuphazamiseka Komzimba

Ii-alamu eziphazamisayo, izilumkiso ezikhawulezileyo, kunye nokuvalwa kwee-port ngokuzenzekelayo kuqinisekisa ukuba ukuphazamiseka ngokomzimba kubangela isenzo sokuzikhusela kwangoko.

Iingcinga Zokugqibela: Ukhuseleko Luqala Emnyango Wangaphambili

Ii-intercom ze-IP zangaphandle zizixhobo ezinamandla—kodwa kuphela xa zisetyenziswa ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ukuziphatha njengeentsimbi zomnyango ezilula endaweni yeekhompyutha ezidityanisiweyo kudala iingozi ezinkulu ze-cyber. Ngokubethela okufanelekileyo, ukwahlulwahlulwa kwenethiwekhi, ukuqinisekiswa, kunye nokukhuselwa ngokomzimba, ii-intercom ze-IP zangaphandle zinokubonelela ngokulula ngaphandle kokubeka ukhuseleko esichengeni.